Skip to Main Content

Sociology Research Basics

Learn to research with ease using credible, college-appropriate resources to frame, guide, and inform your projects

Using & Finding Books

Why Use Books:

Use books to read broad overviews and detailed discussions of your topic. You can also use books to find primary sources, which are often published together in collections.
 

Where Do I Find Books?

You'll use the library catalog to search for books, ebooks, articles, and more.

What if MJC Doesn't Have What I Need?

If you need materials (books, articles, recordings, videos, etc.) that you cannot find in the library catalog, use our interlibrary loan service.

Find Articles in MJC Databases

Why Use Databases?

The MJC Library subscribes to many databases filled with authoritative articles, book chapters, research reports, statistics, and more from thousands of respected publications.

Using the Library's article databases ensures that you're using the academically-appropriate sources your instructors expect you to use. Also, you won't have to cull through millions of unrelated Web pages or AI hallucinations that will waste your time and energy.


All of these resources are free for MJC students, faculty, and staff.

If you're working from off campus, you'll need to sign in just like you do for Canvas or email.

 

Articles & Databases button image
 

 

Using & Finding Web Documents

Why Use the Web

Face it; it's easy and familiar to many people.  Also, the Web is a great resource for research because it's so vast; you can find primary documents, news stories, research papers, pictures, movies, sound, government reports, and more.  For research you would use the Web to:

  • Research cutting-edge topics
  • Link to Library information & resources
  • Find information from all levels of government
  • Read expert and popular opinions

Be a Smart Web Searcher

You don't want to wade through millions of Web pages. By using a few tricks, you can focus your searches relatively easily to those authoritative, reliable sources you want to use.

  • Use key search terms - Use the same search terms you used successfully to find books and articles.
  • Know your search tool - Use advanced search features to control your search. For example you can limit your search in Google to just search government or educational Web sites by limiting to a specific domain. Learn more at Google for Researchers.
  • Use search tools you can trust - Google Scholar indexes scholarly literature on the Web.

You can search Google Scholar below:


 

Google Scholar Search

Evaluating Sources: Is It Reliable?

Not every source you find is trustworthy or useful. Before incorporating a source into your work, it’s essential to pause and evaluate it carefully. There are many evaluation methods—ABCs, the SIFT method, the 5 Ws, CARS, and the CRAAP Test. All serve the same purpose: guiding you through the process of deciding whether a source is reliable. Choose one you can remember, and apply it consistently to every potential source.

When you encounter any kind of source, consider... (CRAAP Test)

  1. Currency - When was it written? Has it been updated?
  2. Relevance - How is it relevant to your research? What is its scope?
  3. Authority - Who is the author? What is their point of view? 
  4. Accuracy - Has the source been reviewed? Did they cite their sources? Who did they cite?
  5. Purpose - Why was the source created? Who is the intended audience? Where was it published? In what medium?
For an in-depth guide to the CRAAP test, see our research guide, Evaluating Sources.

Evaluating AI Content:

  • Verify everything: AI output can sound confident, but these tools can make up (“hallucinate”) or misrepresent information, draw false conclusions, make major mistakes and generate fake sources 
  • AI doesn’t “understand” the way humans do; these models lack real-world experience and context, so they don’t easily handle irony, humor and complex metaphors 
  • Don’t just read AI-generated summaries; take time to read original articles and understand detailed points and context 
  • Be aware that many of today’s AI tools are trained on information up to a certain date and may not have access to recent events or new discoveries 
  • Challenge AI responses and require the AI to justify its output by citing sources and data 
  • Beware of biased AI output 
  • Guard against overreliance on AI; challenge yourself to learn and exercise your mental muscles

Finding Information to Help You Evaluate


To find out more about an author: 

Google the author's name or dig deeper in the library's biographical databases.

To find scholarly sources: 

When searching library article databases, look for a checkbox to narrow your results to Scholarly, Peer Reviewed or Peer Refereed publications.

To evaluate a source's critical reception: 

Check in the library's article databases to find reviews of the source in order to get a sense of how it was received in the popular and scholarly press.

To evaluate web sources: 

The internet is a great place to find both scholarly and popular sources, but it's especially important to ask questions about authorship and publication when you're evaluating online resources. If it's unclear who exactly created or published certain works online, look for About pages on the site for more information about the authorship, or search for exact quotations from the text in Google (using quotation marks) to see if you can find other places where the work has been published.

Use lateral reading to see what others say about your source:

The CRAAP Test is a solid starting point, but the site you’re evaluating isn’t always the best place to verify authority, accuracy, or point of view. Authors and organizations can misrepresent themselves, and sites that look professional may be promoting an agenda.

Lateral reading means stepping outside the source. Open a new tab and search for information about the author, organization, or publication. By reading across multiple sources—not just down the page in front of you—you can see what others are saying and gather outside evidence.

This practice strengthens your evaluation, helps confirm credibility, and gives you a clearer sense of whether a source deserves a place in your research.

For more information on lateral reading, check out our Web Source Evaluation page.