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ANTHR 130 - Archaeology & Cultural Prehistory - Kerr

Use this guide to find reliable information for your research in Susan Kerr's class
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Iris Carroll
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Need help now? In addition to our Research Help Drop-In Hours Monday - Saturday, we have online help available. Simply go to the Ask a Librarian page to get immediate help.

My Research Help Schedule
In Person (East Campus L & LC) and Online

Mondays: 11 am-1 pm
Tuesdays: 11 am-1 pm, 2-4 pm
Wednesdays: 9 - 11 am, 12- 2 pm
Thursdays: 9 am-12 pm, 2 - 4 pm

Research Appointments
Times vary. To see when I'm available and to schedule an appointment with me, simply click on the orange "Make an Appointment with Me" button above, then pick your location (In-Person or Online) and date/time. I have different availability in the two locations. If you do not see a day/time that works, please email me and we can arrange another time.

Email
If I am your class librarian, please contact me through the Canvas inbox for a response within 24 hours. If I am not your class librarian, email me at carrolli@yosemite.edu.
Website
Social: YouTube Page

Knowing what types of sources you have available to you for your research will help you pick the right type of source to meet the requirements of your assignment.


Scholarly, Substantive, and Popular Sources

Types of Information Scholarly, Substantive, and Popular Sources Scholarly Sources (example: journals like the New England Journal of Medicine) Produced by discipline experts and aimed at other experts Communicates specialized and discipline-specific information Often reporting original research and experimentation Some scholarly content is peer-reviewed Scholarly information is a great choice for college students, though it can be challenging to read and understand for the non-expert. Substantive Sources (example: newspapers of record like the New York Times) Produced by experts or journalists and geared toward an educated -- but not necessarily expert -- audience Communicates timely, credible information of general interest Fact-checked before publication Substantive information is a great choice for community college students because it is both credible and accessible Popular Sources (example: fun magazines like Men’s Health) Produced by journalists, staff and freelance writers, even AI; aimed at the general public Provides a broad overview of topics a general readership will find entertaining Great for identifying potential topic ideas and providing general introductions to topics If you want (or need) to use popular material for academic work, talk to your professor as you'll need to be sure to supplement it with articles from scholarly and substantive sources

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Primary and Secondary Sources

Types of Information: Primary and Secondary Sources Primary sources are: Created during the time under study A first-hand account Direct sources without interpretation Examples of primary sources include: Government documents Diaries and letters Laws and codes Studies and experiments News reporting of current events Speeches Interviews Autobiographies Creative works like novels, poems, films, paintings, sculptures, buildings, etc. Secondary sources are: Created after the time under study One or more steps removed from events Indirect sources that interpret, summarize, and/or analyze primary sources and events Examples of secondary sources include: Textbooks Encyclopedias Histories Review articles Biographies Criticisms, commentaries, and opinion pieces

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Evaluate Your Sources of Information

Before you jump into hunting and gathering your information, be sure you know how not to be fooled by unreliable, false, or misleading information. It's not hard if you train yourself to ask some simple questions based on the CRAAP Test.

Evaluate Your Sources using the CRAAP Test

 


Use Lateral Reading to Learn More About Your Web Sources
 

While applying the CRAAP Test to a Web site, that Web site isn't always the best place to answer questions concerning authority, accuracy, and point of view. You can not always trust what an author or organization says about themselves, and there are sites that may look very professional and credible that are actually promoting a certain agenda or viewpoint. 

If you are unfamiliar with a online source, it is good practice to open a new tab and perform a search on the author/organization providing the source. This process is called Lateral Reading. In addition to reading "down" the Web page in order to evaluate it, you open additional tabs and read "across" multiple pages to determine what others are saying about your potential source.

To learn more about lateral reading, check out our Lateral Reading - Consult Other Sources and our Tools to Use for Lateral Reading pages.